Detectives work from evidence. Every case below is built from records in this Archive, and every case ends at a real archive. The full adult record is always one tap under the case, and the citation is yours to copy, so your teacher can check your work.
Case 1
Find the ship that is still on the beach
In 1906 a sailing ship missed the river's mouth in the fog and came ashore on the sand. It never left. Its ribs are still on the beach today, and thousands of people walk out to it every year.
Step 2. See the famous photograph of the wreck, nineteen days after: the photograph record. The photograph lives at the Oregon Historical Society, and the record tells you why we link to it instead of copying it.
Step 3. Write it down: the ship's name, the date, and how many days after the wreck the photograph was taken.
Cite it, so your teacher can find it too “The Peter Iredale comes ashore.” The Astoria Archive, October 25, 1906. Source: The official inquiry into the wreck (transcription at paulnoll.com), http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Vacations/Ft-Stevens-Iredale-old.html.
Case 2
The vote in the rain
November 1805. The Corps of Discovery has crossed a continent and reached the ocean, soaked through. Winter is coming and the captains do something almost unheard of in 1805: they ask everybody.
Step 2. Find the two voters whose opinions were the most surprising for 1805, and say why.
Step 3. Write it down: what did the party choose, and whose country were they choosing to winter in?
Cite it, so your teacher can find it too “The vote at Station Camp.” The Astoria Archive, November 24, 1805. Source: National Park Service, The Vote at Station Camp, https://www.nps.gov/places/the-vote-at-station-camp.htm.
Case 3
Spot the conflict
History is not one voice. Two honest sources can disagree, and a good detective prints both and decides. This Archive prints its conflicts instead of hiding them. Here are two, on the table.
Step 1. The Flavel House: read the record and find the two years, and the two sources that give them.
Step 2. The bridge: read the record and find the two opening dates, and which one the reference histories support.
Step 3. Write it down: which year do you trust in each case, and what is your evidence?
Cite it, so your teacher can find it too “The Flavel House is built.” The Astoria Archive, 1885. Source: Lower Columbia Preservation Society; Astoria-Warrenton Area Chamber of Commerce, http://www.lcpsociety.org/1922fire.html.
Cite it, so your teacher can find it too “The bridge opens to traffic.” The Astoria Archive, July 29, 1966. Source: Wikipedia, Astoria-Megler Bridge, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoria–Megler_Bridge.
Case 4
Read the front page from the day the bridge opened
On July 29, 1966, the bridge opened and the ferry era ended. The town read about it in its own newspaper. So can you: the papers are free, page by page, and this case hands you the exact words to search.
Cite it, so your teacher can find it too “The bridge opens to traffic.” The Astoria Archive, July 29, 1966. Source: Wikipedia, Astoria-Megler Bridge, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoria–Megler_Bridge.
On the table: the morning paper
The morning paper, the day after the wreck: The Morning Astorian, Friday, October 26, 1906, page 1. The town read about the Iredale in these columns.
The words below are a computer's reading of this page, from the Library of Congress. The printed page above is the authority; the reading may err where the scan is hard to read, and the date in its first lines is one of its errors. Copy any of it freely: the citation travels with the record.
S
UBUHI CULUAttOOIATlO IMPORT
COVERS TH MORNINQ FIILD ON THI LOWIN COLUMBIAN
VOLUME LXI NO. 283
ASTORIA, OREGON, FRIDAY. OCTOBER 20, 1906.
PRICE FIVE CENTS
OP
ATTORNEY -t
SUSPENDED
District Attorney Langdon
Removed from Office.
APPOINTMENT OF HEM
As Assistant District Attorney the
Cause of Suspension Miyor
In a Bad Light,
ABE REUF'S HAND IS SHOWN
Investigation of Graft Charges In San
Francisco Createa a Sensation, Al
though Board of Supervisors In
done the Action,
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 25.-Aetlng
Mayor Gallagher this afternoon sue
prndM District Attorney Langdon
v., v m wg o ""Utead Marshall B. Wood worth, former-
warn or supervisors lieu later, the ao-
.n or us mayor was approvea. wng-
don had been ordered to appear before
i
the board one week from May and
ahow cause why he should not be re.
mdved from ofiloe. Then Gnllaghen an-
..u.vu n. Ba
norauam Mue,. u accept we o.uce oi
niBirict auorney ana ituer conseniea to
do so,
The suspension of Langdon frfa
his appointment of F. J. Heney as as
slstant district attorney for the pur
pose of securing indict menus against
Mayor Semite, Abe Rcuf, several mem
bers of the board of Supervisors and
other city officials alleged to be guilty
of grafting and malfeasance In office,
It has bee openly announced that Mr.
Heney and secret service agent Burns
had been in the city investigating
matters with yhieh Mayor- Rshmita.and
Gallagher end Reuf and the board of
supervisors were connected. The sus
pension of Langdon la said to be to
prevent evidence being brought before
the grand jury to investigate charges
of grafting, and it Is expected that
this will be follwed by the suspension
of Heney. It Is Intimated that graft,
ing has been carried on in San Francisco
by Schmits, Gallagher and Reuf to an
enormoua extent and they are afraid
of Mr. Ilcney, on account of his record
In y Oregon land fraud cases. Mr,
j-angdon is a candidate ofr governor
on the Independence League ticket. It
is openly stated that the suspension of
Langdon is a candidate for governor
securing the dismissal of ITeiiey as
T. i i -1 I
innnn. Attorney, me wnoie straw
has caused intense excitement and in-
dipation In the city. It is claimed
tnai over jbwi.wo Das been stolen from
i
tne rener iiinus sent to San f raneisoo
it I
ror cartnqunke suirerers and that Heur,
Gallagher and Sshmlts, Gallaghor and
Reuf received the bulk of the money.
ine action or Mayor uaiingner came
ns a tremendous surprise, following the
sensation of a few days ago, wnen it
was announced that F. J. Heney had
been appointed assistant district at-
torney to investigate charges of graft-
mg. Two days ago it was reported tnat
Gallngher hud taken this step and the
press had been speculating as to wheth-
i I
er ne woma nave tne Douiness to take
such action, particularly as consider,
ing newspaper criticisms directed
against hlmsjjf as supervisor,
The new grand jury is to be complet
ed tomorrow and Heney has announced
that- he will at once go before it with
sufficient evidence to secure the indict
ment of a number of men in high public
life. It was stated that a great mass
of evidence had been secured pointing
to criminal aots among leading city of
ficials and included three confessions.
A score of men who came into pub-
Ho me through recent political up.
heavaN, who were poor lo purM, have
re cetttly Immm exhibiting, signs s of
wealth, In the way of costly homo,
costly business placet nd lavish ex
penditure of money, Heney declared
tht lie bad obtained knowledge of bow
those men suddenly acquired riche.
Fifteen. out of the eighteen supervisors
were present when Mayor Gallagher en
tered the council clumbers tonight, A I
widespread conference ensued at the
SSSiSi; J T.7'1''Z
the suspension of Langdon and instruct
ed the olrk to read' the specification of
charge against him, Supervisor San
denwm made a motion that the msyor's
action be approved. The motion wa
.i i.u.i... if ,v,.
board that be had a.ked his friend Abe
Ruef to aot temporarily aa district at
torney and that Reuf had accepted. It
w" v,dent 7m tM,fM,,
Lervisors were amazed at the mayor'i
aotlon.
After the meeting, Gallagher was
asked whether Reuf had shown any hes
itancy In accepting the appointment, In
view of the atatementa openly made
that be wai one of the principal parties
against whom the Investigation was
ordered directed. "Not at alb" replied
Gallagher. Langdon ie tonight at
Woodland, Yolo county, where he has
an engagement to make a political
speech. It is believed that injunction
proceedings will be instituted tomorrow
to prevent the supervisors from remov
ing him from office.
Abraham Ruef, who was appointed
district attorney today by Mayor OaL
lagher, has filed his bond and qualified.
Ruef'e first official act wae to dls-
i.i,ar.M v T TTin nA annnlnt In tits
jt.lrM .'fUm. for
northem California, Ruef announced
in aMnir in(nt.
'j j I
L..,l(, .-l-.t iAtT. ftf lh. movement
t!9 ffi.,nciral administration,
MiontJ Langdon who Is at
Woodland, stated tonight that his of.
institutional one and bevond
(Continued on Page 8.)
N01NI0NISTS OUT
Grainhandlers Union Recognized
i r .1 1 1-, j.
in Portland today.
LONG STRIKE IS
SETTLED
Although Not Union Victory, Terms
of Settlement Are Satisfactory and
Nonunion Men Will Be Die
charged.
PORTLAND, Oct. 25. The grain
handlers' strike which has been on in
Portland the past ten days, was set.
tied at 2:30 this afternoon. The com
mlttee appointed to confer with the ex
1 1. 11.1. ..11.1 4 II
ponem Pruiu vr uiuihbhuu, am.
wim a lew exceptions u was ogreeu
upon and shortly afterward ratified by
P"e 'n. i wrais K,"nwu
IV.. mi,- ..l.J I
"l'r'y l nu union. Api ma invwnw
1 II -i it. I
'en, weighs a samplers.
AH the union men will return to work
n nil the docks tomorrow morning. All
im-n wm u
the exception of those employed on the
wmnoT7 U0CK, ana mey uo
mcnargca next baturaay nigni. a ura
ited number of union men will be fm-
ployed there tomorrow with a full force
B'S vo woiK wonaay.
The ratification of the agreement by
the union paves the way for the imme-
1 T 1 I 1.1.. 1 1 ...Ul-1.
i i i ..a r t I
umio signing oi vuuuuut, wuicn o
done at 4; 30 this afternoon. The, grain.
handlers gain the Tort Costa scale,
which means a minimum half-day, in
stead of broken time 521 cents an hour
for overtime instead of, 50 cents, and
a, nine-hour day instead or ten.
BASEBALL.
At Los Angeles Los Angeles, 2; San
Francisco, 12.
At Oakland Oakland 3j Portland,
12.
BARK PETER IREDALE ASHORE
ON CLATSOP SPIT
She Struck the Sands in
Oclock Yesterday Morning.
OrAKd AlU lUAOID YTClll
Captain Lawrence Summons Crew
That the Point Adams Life-Savers Is at
His Lee
ONLY CHRONOMETERS AND
COLONEL WALKER, OF FORT STEV
CLOTHES AND HOUSES THEM
BROUGHT TO ASTORIA AND
CONSUL SURVEY
At 7:45 o'clock yesterday morning.
I in a swelter of mint and foir. with a
neree Sou'east gale blowing, the Brit
Ish fonr-masted hark Peter Iredale,
twenty-nine days out from Salinas
Crua. Mexico.Nn ballaet. Astoria bound
for ordeYs. went ashore on Clataoo SdIL
at ft point about one mile southwest
from the old Point JUams lighthouse
and a quarter of a mile from the grave
of her Enelish aiater. the Cairasmore,
Captain IL Lawrence was in command.
and Chief Officer Langmaid was in
charge of the deck. She was an Eng
lish built vessel, of 1904 tons burden,
and a stout steel ship, well manned
with twenty.seven people.
A few minutes before she struck,
hail ras received from the cathead look
out of "breakers dead ahead," and in
Mntiy the order wa8 given to wear
nip, mil sne reiusea to answer ner
a MOner than lt ukM tell
it, she was pounding the shelving beach
and ai the first impact, every stick and
spar in her, with the exception of the
Jigger, came down by the run and went
over the lee raiL
Either by design and order, of by the
shock with which she met the shore,
both anchors carried away and were
seen to be hanging under the bows with
plenty of slack in the chains. How or
when they were cast loose,, or carried
away, there was no one of the crew
could tell,
The sea was running high on about
half the ebb, and it was but a few
moments until she was broadside on to
the sea, with her bows heading east.
sou'east, and the breaker deluging her
every consecutive minute. Some say
she has a heavy list shoreward, and
others My ghe wa8 on an eV(m keeli
bllt a,j agrea ghJ Ja h(ird ftnd fast asl)0re
with never a chance of beinir hauled
c
clear. -She was drawl 13.3 feet fore
O
an(j ftf
As soon as she was aground Captain
Lawrence called the crew aft and made
ftU prepawtion9 abandon shin, but
before his nrranwmients Awre comtvlcte.
the rojnt Adams life-savini crew was
alongside with their surf-boat and in
1 ghort w,)ile hnml9 includin the
L. ffl erA f ftn rf
h d E
erj thing is on board except the ship's
onronomoter8 and instruments, and
hetne there be anything saved
or not depends entirely upon the weath
er. If this abates, every effort will
be made to salvage what is loose and
valuable.
As soon as the men were safe on
shore they were met by a detachment
of volunteers from Fort Stevens, who
had hurried to the scene at the first
news, and tendered all the assistance
in their power to the stranded men,
who were cold and wet and hungry.
This invitation was direct from Colonel
Walker, in command of the post, who
realized that there would be need of
Gale and Mist at 7:45
DI DUAlDj 11U1AIULI
to Abandon Ship, and Finds
Gangway.
INSTRUMENTS ARE SAVED
ENS, WELCOMES CREW, FEEDS,
NO LIVES LOST MEN ARE
REPORT TO BRITISH VICE
DUE TO BE HELD.
creature comforts, and an hour later
the mqn were at the post, housed,
warmed, fed and clothed, and awaiting
orders. Colonel Walker sent a team
of mulei over to the Point Adams lifelheW a debauch, rioted, attempted to kill
savers, with which they dragged the
boat across the sands to a point where
lt could be launched to do service, and
this was a strong point in favor of the
commanding officer's forethought and
kindly interest in the grave juncture
then afoot
About 1:45 a telephone message was
received at the post headquarters from
British Vice Consul P. L, Cherry of this
city, asking Colonel Walker to dispatch
the crew of the Iredale to Astoria by
train, charging the expense of their
transportation to the consulate, and
this was done. The men boarded the
2 o'clock train out of Fort Stevens
and an hour later were in this city and
under orders of Mr. Cherry, who prompt
ly 'provided board and lodging for
them; three of them remaining below
at the fort, and four at the wreck.
The Iredale officers picked up the
lights of the Columbia river at about
2 o'clock yesterday morning and were
off and on, thinking to enter in due
season, after daylight, but the captain
lost his bearings in the sweep of the
currents, and before he knew it, was
involved beyond hope of escape.
This was the ninth voyage of the
Iredale to this coast. She was well
known by all the shipping men and
mariners hereabout and regret is ex.
preseed on all sides for the fatality
that has overtaken her. She was one
of a large fleet belonging to the man
she was named after, and was a val
uable piece of property,
Captain Lawrence and those who re
mained at the ship's side, decided to
stay by her all night, and were made
guests of the Point Adams life-saving
crew and will probably come up to the
city today.
Mr. Cherry is waiting final orders
from the consignees, Messrs. Balfour,
Guthrie Company, and the further
pleasure of the British consul at Port
land. Mr. Laidlaw, and it is probable
that two or more captains will be sent
down to act with Mr. Cherry in an of
flcittl examination and survey in rela.
tion to the disaster; if this cannot be
done, the official inquiry will be trans
ferred to Portland.
Among the creditable things that
transpired yesterday in this connec
tion was the prompt and vigorous work
done by Captain Wlcklund and his
gamey orew of lifes&vets. The expe
dition they employed in calling fot
horees and carting their heavy boat
across two miles of soggy sand and
getting alongside the Iredale almost
within the hour, shows plainly how
ready and willing and capable they are
(Continued on Page 8.)
STARVED BABIES.
Leaders of Brotherhood of Light Arrest-
in Colorado.
ALEMOSA SPRINGS, Colo., Oct. 5.
C. C. Rose and Mrs. Minnie Wheeler,
leader of the Brotherhood of Light,
which conducts a home for poor chiL
dren near Arboles, were arraigned to
day on a charge of manslaughter in
connection with the death of six babies
on the place, -'-Tliey were remanded
to jail until bail can be furnished, hav
ing waived examination. The charges
were made by the agent of the state
humane society who alleges that the
children were practically starved to
death.
WILL HAVE TO WALK.
Editors Barred from Receiving Railroad
Passes in Future.
WASHINGTON,"". 25.-Under a
ruling of the interstate commerce com
mission, made today, transportation
over railroad lines can no longer be
given to newspaper publishers or edL
tors in exchange for advertising apace.
Heretofore many newspaper editors
have been granted transportation over
railroads in lieu of advertising, provid
ed in contracts entered into between
the publishers and the railroad com
panies. DRUNKEN SAILORS.
Create a Disturbance Abroard the Bark
Don at Vanconer.
.in ii ii
VANCOUVER, Oct. 25. A special
from Victoria says that the bark Don
just arrived from London, reports a rip.
roaring, mutinous crew filled the fore
castle, broached the cargo, got drunk,
Spanish shipmate, and threatened the
lives of Captain Roach and Mate Mills,
After driving "the men back to' the
forecastle, the captain sat for 36 hours
at a door with a loaded revolver, with
the intention of killing the first man
who made a renewed attempt to get
liquor.
CREATING TROUBLE
Ute Indians in North Dakota Kill
Six Cowboys.
THE BATTLE SEEMS IMMINENT
United States Troops Sent to Escort In
dians Back to Their Reservation,
But They Refuse
to go.
CHEYENNE,
Oct.
25. Governor
Brooks received
Colonel Gillette,
a report today from
near which the tJte
camp is located, saying that everything
was quiet and the Indians were inof.
fensive and had made no trouble. 'No
credence to the reported battle between
Indians and cowboys is given ere. A
similar report was circulated a few
days ego.
A special' received tonight from Stur.
gis, North Dakota, announces that
troops have been hurriedly started from
Fort Meade to reinforce the soldiers at
Fort Robinson, who have surrounded the
rebelious TJtes, but cannot move them.
telegram to headquarters says flv
cowboys have been killed and a big beef
herd raided.
The TJtes are now on Little Powder
i'ver about fifty miles north, of Gil
lette. Major Grierson, in command of
the troops, Company "M," Tenth cav.
airy, which was sent to escort the In
dians back to their reservation, decided,
after they had refused, to surround
them and await reinforcements. As
soon as these arrive, the entire troops
will be sent forward and surround the
Indian camp and demand their imme
diate surrender, who are 200 strong. If
they still refuse to accompany the
troops, an attack will be the only al
ternative. The situation is growing se
rious, and the Indians seem to be de
termined to give battle.
HIGHER H
LESS HOURS
For Engineers, Firemen
and Switchmen.
ALL ROADS AFFECTED
Western Roads Centering in Chi
1 cago i Offer Men
Compromise.
BUT WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED
Petition of the Switchmen Expires at
Noon Today, When Answer Host
Be Forthcoming Companies
Make Counter Offer.
CHICAGO, Oct. 25. Strengthened by
the promised support of engineers and
firemen, one branch of the switchmen
employed in the Chicago railroad yards
will go before officials of the various
roads to make a final demand for high
er wages "and shorter hours.'
The time limit within which the
switeimea have declared they will la
sist upon an answer to their petition
expires at noon and while strike action
will not follow necessarily on an ad
verse reply from the roads, sucn a de
velopment, according to Grand Master
fiftUE iiawicjr vl lJO BniLtuiucuB UU,1
ion, will render the situation serious.'
At a mass meeting of yard employes
held last night, it was reported the
western roadg centering in Chicago will
tender the men a compromise offer
amounting to an increase of two cents
an hour in pay. The offer represents
eight cents an hour less than demanded.
"It may be stated definitely," said
Grand Master Hawley, "that the offer
will not he accepted by the switchmen."
The securing of the engineers and
firemen as allies had much to do with
the stiffening of the switchmen's deter
mination. The switchmen who are
members of the engineers and firemen's
brotherhoods yesterday presented de
mands to the railroads all over the
country. The demands apply solely to
men working on switching engines and
do not affect engineers or firemen on
through runs.
As an advance over the present scale
of 31 cents the engineers asked for 50.
cents an hour while the firemen ex
pressed a desire for a raise from 18 to
25 cents an hour.
WRECKAGE COMES ASHORE.
Four Hundred Life Preservers Wash
Ashore at Cape Hatteras.
NORFOLK, Oct. 25. A maratime
puzzle which may be the result of the
recent ocean tragedy came ashore near
Cape Hatteras today in the shape of
over four hundred life preservers. Some
of them were marked, "Zeland." Two
bear the name of "Smeskf Besides
these a part of a boat 'was. washed
ashore. There are no marks on this
wreckage.- Shipping men here are of
the opinion that if a wreck occurred,
it happened not far from shore.
SECURES CONTROL.
Harriman Secures Control of Ogden
r Rapid Transit Company.
SALT LAKE CITY, Oct. 25. A Her
ald special from Ogden says that nego
tiations have been, practically closed
whereby the Harriman interests secure
control of the j Ogden Rapid Transit
company. The sale is said to include
the suburban line known as the Ogden
and Northwestern which runs to Hot
Springs, about five miles northwest of
the city..